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Automobile drag coefficient
The drag coefficient is a common measure in automotive design as it pertains to aerodynamics. Drag is a force that acts parallel and in the same direction as the airflow. The drag coefficient of an automobile impacts the way the automobile passes through the surrounding air. When automobile companies design a new vehicle they take into consideration the automobile drag coefficient in addition to the other performance characteristics. Aerodynamic drag increases with the square of speed; therefore it becomes critically important at higher speeds. Reducing the drag coefficient in an automobile improves the performance of the vehicle as it pertains to speed and fuel efficiency.〔http://nextbigfuture.com/2009/03/reducing-drag-on-cars-and-trucks-by-15.html〕 There are many different ways to reduce the drag of a vehicle. A common way to measure the drag of the vehicle is through the drag area.
==Reducing drag==
The reduction of drag in road vehicles has led to increases in the top speed of the vehicle and the vehicle's fuel efficiency, as well as many other performance characteristics, such as handling and acceleration.〔http://aerocivic.com/〕 The two main factors that impact drag are the frontal area of the vehicle and the drag coefficient. The drag coefficient is a unit-less value that denotes how much an object resists movement through a fluid such as water or air. A potential complication of altering a vehicle's aerodynamics is that it may cause the vehicle to get too much lift. Lift is an aerodynamic force that flows perpendicular to the airflow around the body of the vehicle. Too much lift can cause the vehicle to lose road traction which can be very unsafe.〔http://www.camaro-untoldsecrets.com/articles/rpo_d80.htm〕 Lowering the drag coefficient comes from streamlining the exterior body of the vehicle. Streamlining the body requires assumptions about the surrounding airspeed and characteristic use of the vehicle.
For high speed applications near or above the speed of sound, a Sears-Haack body,〔http://www.eternalmachinery.com/mostaerodynamic/〕〔http://aero-comlab.stanford.edu/Papers/palaniappan.aiaa.04-5383.pdf〕 is an idealized shape that minimizes wave drag, which is the drag associated with supersonic shock waves. This shape essentially consists of an elongated tube with pointed ends.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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